气候变暖背景下河南省夏玉米花期高温灾害风险预估

为预估未来气候变暖背景下夏玉米花期高温灾害风险,根据河南省19个农业气象观测站夏玉米抽雄期常年观测资料和未来RCPs(representativeconcentrationpathways)气候变化情景数据,构建夏玉米花期高温风险评价指标,开展河南省夏玉米花期高温灾害时空特征及风险演变分析。其中RCPs气候情景数据包括基准气候条件(1951—2005年, RCP-rf)和未来(2006—2050年)RCP 4.5(中)、RCP 8.5(高)两种浓度路径数据。以抽雄普遍期及之后7d确定为夏玉米花期,并内插匹配气候情景格点数据。以花期最高气温≥32℃和≥35℃作为轻度和重度高温灾害发生阈值,根据轻、重度夏玉米花期高温发生频率和高温积害,建立风险评价指标并分级。结果表明, RCP-rf情景下全省夏玉米花期高温发生频率在20.5%～81.0%(≥32℃)和3.9%～51.9%(≥35℃)。与基准条件相比,≥32℃高温发生频率增加9.1%(RCP4.5)和11.0%(RCP8.5),≥35℃高温发生频率增加8.7%(RCP4.5)和8.3%(RCP8.5)。RCP-rf情景下全省夏玉米花期高温积害在48.5～200.9℃·d(≥32℃)和9.8～138.5℃·d(≥35℃)。与基准条件相比,≥32℃高温积害增加25.4℃·d (RCP 4.5)和25.6℃·d (RCP 8.5),≥35℃高温积害增加25.8℃·d (RCP 4.5)和31.4℃·d (RCP 8.5)。由综合风险分析可知, RCP-rf情景下夏玉米花期高温灾害高值风险区主要分布在新乡、郑州、许昌、漯河、周口及其以东以北的地区(商丘除外),约占夏玉米主栽区面积的30.1%;RCP4.5情景下高值风险区扩大至洛阳和南阳以东的大部分地区,约占夏玉米主栽区面积的63.4%; RCP 8.5情景下高值风险区面积进一步向西扩大,约占夏玉米主栽区面积的占76.3%。     

Trx-1 over-expression attenuates oxidative stress injury in MPP+ -induced PC12 cells by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway

AIM:To investigate the inhibitory effect of thioredoxin 1 (Trx-1) over-expression on oxidative stress injury in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺)-induced rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway.METHODS:The PC12 cells were damaged by treatment with MPP⁺ at 1, 3 and 5 mmol/L, and the optimal concentration of 3 mmol/L was selected. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The oxidative stress indexes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the cell culture supernatant were detected, and the protein expression of Trx-1 was determined by Western blot. Lentiviral infection with Ad-Trx-1-GFP sequence was used to establish a model of MPP⁺-treated PC12 cells with Trx-1 over-expression. The effects of Trx-1 over-expression on the cell viability, oxidative stress responses and NF-κB signaling pathway were determined by MTT assay, commercial kits and Western blot. The effects of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), an activator of NF-κB signaling pathway, on the viability and oxidative stress of PC12 cells were observed. The NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) was used in MPP⁺-treated PC12 cells with Trx-1 over-expression, and the cell viability and oxidative stress responses were measured. RESULTS:The viability of PC12 cells, SOD activity in the supernatant and protein expression of Trx-1 were decreased, while LDH activity and MDA content in the supernatant were increased significantly by treatment with MPP⁺ at 1, 3 and 5 mmol/L. The effect of MPP⁺ at 3 mmol/L and 5 mmol/L was significantly greater than that at 1 mmol/L (P<0.05), and no significant difference between 3 mmol/L and 5 mmol/L was observed (P>0.05). The inhibitory effect of MPP⁺ on the viability of PC12 cells, and the oxidative stress injury and activation of NF-κB signaling pathway induced by MPP⁺ were significantly attenuated by over-expression of Trx-1. The inhibitory effect of MPP⁺ on the viability of PC12 cells and the oxidative stress injury induced by MPP⁺ were promoted by the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway, while the protective effects of Trx-1 over-expression on the MPP⁺-treated PC12 cells were enhanced by the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION:Over-expression of Trx-1 protects MPP⁺-treated PC12 cells from oxidative stress injury by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway.     

鲁西南地区10个小麦品种丰产性和稳产性分析

为更科学的分析评价鲁西南地区主栽的10个小麦品种丰产性和稳定性,本研究利用联合方差分析、线性回归分析和AMMI模型对 3个试验地点产量数据进行分析。结果表明,菏麦20、济麦22和周麦22丰产性和稳定性表现优异,周麦18、烟农999和山农20属于丰产性较好稳产性一般的品种,良星99和山农28属于稳产性好丰产性一般的品种,青农2号稳产性较好丰产性较差,但矮抗58丰产性和稳产性均较差但在E3具有特定区域适应性。     

怀化地区强降水过程中的GPS可降水量特征分析

利用改进的天顶静力延迟（ZHD）模型和本地化水汽权重平均温度（Ts）模型反演怀化地区GPS可降水量（GPS-PWV），并结合自动气象站逐小时资料分析了2017年怀化地区大气水汽变化及汛期14次暴雨以上降水过程的GPS-PWV演变特征。结果表明：GPS-PWV可较好反映怀化地区大气水汽的变化特征。怀化地区可降水量-气压（PWV-P）分布月变化特征明显，冬季PWV较低且变化范围较小，降水发生时气压较夏季平均高14.75 hPa；春季PWV逐步增大，降水发生时气压较冬季有所降低；夏季PWV为全年最高，降水发生时气压则降至全年最低值；秋季PWV-P数据逐渐分散并向可降水量低值区移动，分布情况逐步趋近冬季。2017年汛期怀化地区14次强降水过程中PWV均高于各月均值，最大小时降水量与最大PWV存在较好对应关系；降水开始前，PWV出现较明显上升，且多伴随气压较明显下降，可为局地强降水短临预警提供较好参考。     

三种水稻栽培模式对主要害虫种群发生动态的影响

轻简化和机械化是现代农业发展的趋势。本文于2 0 1 3 —2 0 1 5 年连续进行了常规人工栽插、机械直播、机械栽插等3种栽培模式对水稻主要害虫种群发生动态的影响研究,旨在为农业轻简、机械化模式的进一步推广提供依据。结果表明,3种栽培模式对稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟种群发生的影响差异不明显。比较3 种栽培模式下的水稻螟虫(二化螟为主, 大螟较少) 发生和为害可知,机械直播田的螟虫前期株为害率较高,且后期仍维持较高的为害率,明显高于人工栽插和机械插秧田(p<0.05)。分析原因,很可能是机械直播水稻暴露在大田的时间要稍长于栽插模式(机械插秧和人工栽插),有利于二化螟的提前入田为害。因此在推广机械直播时,应考虑调整播期,尽可能地避开或减少螟虫为害。     

固相萃取离子色谱法快速测定烟草中钾、钠、钙、镁和氨的研究

采用带固相萃取净化功能的样品萃取瓶超声萃取烟草样品,样品萃取液用石墨化炭黑球固相萃取净化。然后以IonPacCS12A阳离子交换色谱柱(3 ′ 150 mm,5 μm)为固定相,30 mM甲基磺酸为流动相,淋洗液流速1.0 mL/min,K+、Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、和NH4+ 5种阳离子在6.0 min内可达到完全分离。采用自主设计的样品萃取瓶,可不经样品转移就完成样品的萃取、净化和过滤。和常规方法相比,操作流程得到简化,效率大幅度提高,灵敏度和回收率高、精密度好。为基因编辑素材钾、钠、钙、镁和氨的快速测定提供了高通量分析方法。     

利用正交实验设计研究磺胺甲恶唑在渔业水体中的消解动态规律

为了探究磺胺甲恶唑(sulfamethoxazole,SMZ)在渔业水体中的自然降解规律,本试验选取了养殖水环境中常见的因素(温度、pH和敞蔽条件),通过正交实验探究这三个因素对SMZ在自然养殖水体中消解动态的影响。试验初期各处理SMZ浓度保持一致,实验周期内定期取水样检测水体中SMZ的浓度变化,符合一级反应动力学方程,计算各处理中SMZ药物的半衰期和消除率。结果表明,18个处理组SMZ的半衰期及其消除率变化范围为4.88-12.89d,28%-77%。方差分析得出：在实验水平范围内,温度、pH因素对SMZ的消解结果有显著影响,但敞蔽的影响较小,因此提高养殖水体高温度、调节酸碱性pH等条件均有利于促进SMZ的降解。     

农业产业化联合体建设及人才培养探讨

农业产业化联合体是一种新型农业生产经营组织联盟,它对推动农业产业化发展、带动农民脱贫致富、促进三产融合发展起到极其重要作用。本文论述我国农业产业化合体建设及其人才培养现状,分析农业产业化合体建设及其人才培养面临的主要困难与问题,提出支持农业产业化合体建设及其人才培养的对策建议。     

高油酸花生品种开农1760产量及其构成的可视化分析

分析高油酸小粒花生品种开农1760的产量及其与农艺性状的关系,为高产优质育种提供有效指导。本研究以开农1760参加的2014-2015年河南省小粒花生区试数据为基础,运用GGE (genotype+genotype-by-environment interaction)双标图评价其丰产性和稳产性,利用R语言进行可视化的相关分析和通径分析。结果显示,开农1760的丰产稳产性综合排名第一,出米率的变异系数最小,饱果率与产量呈极显著正相关,百果重、单株生产力、百仁重、主茎高、侧枝长和结果枝数与产量呈显著正相关,结果枝数的直接通径系数最大,是影响开农1760荚果产量的关键性状。综上所述,开农1760丰产性好、稳定性强,适合在河南省大面积推广利用;在选育小粒花生新品种时可侧重做好对结果枝数的选择。